Acne is one of the most common skin conditions, affecting people of all ages. While it is often associated with teenagers, acne can occur at any stage of life due to various factors. Understanding the causes of acne can help in managing and treating it effectively.
Hormonal Factors
Hormones play a significant role in the development of acne. During puberty, increased androgen levels, such as testosterone, cause sebaceous glands to produce more oil, also known as sebum. This excess oil can clog pores, leading to acne breakouts. Hormonal fluctuations during the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, or conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) can also trigger acne in women.
In men, testosterone and other androgens not only stimulate oil production but can also enlarge the oil glands, making the skin more prone to breakouts.
Excess Sebum Production
When the oil glands in the skin become overactive, they produce too much sebum. This excess oil mixes with dead skin cells and can clog pores, leading to acne. Genetics can influence how much sebum your skin produces, meaning that if acne runs in your family, you may be more likely to experience it.
Clogged Pores
Acne often begins with clogged pores. Dead skin cells, when combined with excess sebum, can plug the hair follicles. Once pores are clogged, bacteria like Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) can multiply, leading to inflammation and more severe acne.
Bacterial Growth
The P. acnes bacteria, which naturally live on the skin, can thrive in clogged pores. When these bacteria grow, they trigger an immune response, resulting in redness, swelling, and pus – characteristics of inflamed acne.
Diet and Acne
The relationship between diet and acne is still being studied. Some research suggests that high-glycemic foods, which cause spikes in blood sugar, may worsen acne. Dairy products have also been linked to breakouts in some individuals. However, more research is needed to fully understand the connection between diet and acne.
Other Contributing Factors
- Medications: Certain medications, like corticosteroids and lithium, can lead to acne as a side effect.
- Stress: Although stress may not directly cause acne, it can worsen existing breakouts by triggering the body to produce more oil.
- Friction: Wearing helmets, tight clothing, or anything that rubs against the skin can irritate it, leading to a specific type of acne known as acne mechanica.
- Genetics: If your family members have a history of acne, you may be more likely to experience it as well.
- Cosmetics and Hair Products: Some products may clog pores, contributing to acne. Look for “non-comedogenic” labels on skincare and makeup products to reduce the risk.
Managing and Treating Acne
While many factors such as hormones and genetics can’t be completely controlled, there are steps you can take to manage acne. This includes avoiding triggers like high-glycemic foods, reducing stress, and using non-comedogenic skincare products. In cases of severe or persistent acne, it may be necessary to consult a dermatologist for more specialized treatment.
At Advanced Skin Treatment Center of Orange County, our experienced dermatologists can help you find the right treatment plan to manage your acne and improve your skin health.
